Ethical Behavior At Rocky University - 1244 Words

Ethical Behavior at Rocky University Ethical behavior should be expected from college students; however, it is not always present. There is a moral obligation for students, earning a degree, that they are in fact the ones doing the homework and tests. The prevalence of online institutions has helped enable a multitude of working individuals earn a degree. Without the classroom setting, it is arduous for a professor to ensure who is on the other end of the keyboard and monitor. In fact, Gopala, Paswan, and Qin (2015) stated that regarding online classes and degree programs, â€Å"as a component of distant-learning initiatives, have attracted a lot of attention from educational institutions, administrators, policymakers, and society at large. According to results of Pew Research Center 2011 Surveys, about 23 percent of college graduates have taken online courses† (p. 67). Rocky University has conducted a survey asking 90 of its students whether or not he or she may have cheated on any assignments. Rocky University is interested in comparing itself with other Universities as well as setting a benchmark of its own situation. The following will enable the reader to understand just where Rocky stands after the results of the survey are tallied. Overview of the Rocky University Survey The data analyzed herein, were gathered from 90 of Rocky University students. There were 46 female respondents and 44 male respondents. Each was asked a series of three questions: have you ever copiedShow MoreRelatedEthical Behavior Of Business Students At Rocky University Essay1799 Words   |  8 PagesEthical Behaviour of Business Students at Rocky University Introduction Many corporation grow and evolve there has been some ethical issues with regarding to policies and procedures within the company. 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The Link Between Nationalism And Racism History Essay Free Essays

This essay will critically analyze the nexus between patriotism and racism in order to set up if there is a correlativity. Racism is an of import argument in modern-day society because it is widely perceived that racism in no longer prevailing but racism continues to be. Harmonizing to the Oxford English Dictionary, racism is defined as the, ‘discrimination against or hostility towards other races. We will write a custom essay sample on The Link Between Nationalism And Racism History Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘ Barack Obama was the first black president of America in 2009 but is invariably greeted with unfavorable judgment claimed by former president, Jimmy Carter because he is black and the ‘belief held by many Whites that an African American is non qualified to be in the White House. ‘ ( The Guardian ) In order to reply this inquiry I will foremost discourse the function of patriotism and the effects that it has upon imagined communities in nation-states in order to set up links between racism. To exemplify my theory I will utilize illustrations of how patriotism was used to advance racist positions and reenforce a peculiar set of ideals. My First illustration is of Nazi Germany who wanted to eliminate the Judaic race in Europe. The German state was to be cleansed and go forth a superior German race. I will specifically look at the grounds why the National Socialist German Worker ‘s Party ( NSDAP ) was elected and how they used patriotism in order to advance the party ‘s hatred for the Judaic race. I will besides look at how Nazi propaganda was used to reenforce racist positions in order to convey together the nation-state. The concluding illustration will research the intensions of what precisely constitutes you to be a member of a nation-state and whether you have successfully integrated into society. In 2000 in the coastal town of Nea Michaniona an Albanian pupil named Odysseus Cenai was given the wages to transport the national flag at a commemorating parade. ( Tzanelli, 2006:27 ) I will look at the grounds why Cenai and others were discriminated against by looking at how Greece maps and looking at the history between Greece and Albania to tie in a nexus. I believe that patriotism reinforces a peculiar image of nation-states in order to make a sense of national pride. I believe that patriotism has stemmed from political motions, faiths and the media. Patriotism is non wholly to fault for racism but has played a critical function in back uping it. The Othering? Paragraph 1 Patriotism is defined as the: ‘Politicised societal consciousness centered upon an cultural born out of shared commonalties, seeking to accomplish integrity, liberty and group involvement by mobilising ethnic-based constituencies. ‘ ( Norbu, 1992:181 ) Norbu ( 1992 ) has identified the cardinal function of patriotism within a state ; patriotism has in kernel sought to reconstruct the original Latin significance of state, people or state. ( Norbu 1992:25 ) Patriotism is an political orientation of the province or a inactive political orientation in so far as it identifies peoples ( states ) with provinces. Anderson ( 1983 ) claims there are three causes of patriotism: faith, dynastic kingdom and print capitalist economy. The historical context will supply the background for patriotism in order to set up the cardinal incentives such as: nationalism, national pride, conveying the nation-state together and making a specific set of beliefs. The state is ‘an imagined political community and imagined as both inherently limited and autonomous. ‘ ( Anderson, 1983:06 ) Harmonizing to Anderson ; ‘The state is imagined because the member of even the smallest state will ne’er cognize most their fellow-members, run into them, or even hear of them, yet in the heads of each lives the image of their Communion. ‘ ( Anderson, 1983:06 ) Paragraph 2 History Hitler ‘s rise to power had cardinal effects for the German province every bit good as the persecution of Jews. The German populace elected the National Social Workers Party ( NSDAP ) which was controlled by Hitler in order to take them through a difficult period in clip due to the great depression and the economic and national casualty of World War I. In 1920 Anton Drexler published the â€Å" Twenty-five Points † programme which set out the NSDAP policies. Bizarre combinations of political idea were in common in Germany in 1918. The growing of Nazism was doubtless helped by a clime of comparatively similar thoughts. ‘ ( Eatwel, 2003:126 ) This was polar to the party deriving control of the province because the morale of the state was low and the economic crisis made it hard for the state. This plan had set out how the German state needed to take back control and create equality amongst a superior race by the remotion of inferior races. The plan was really negative and critiqued what was incorrect with Germany at the clip and was the ground why it became so appealing to the imagined community. National pride i? Superior race Hitler brought the German province closer by conveying back national pride to the imagined community, which had been losing for so long. He believed that the Aryan race was the superior race and everyone else was inferior. Drexler used Charles Darwin ‘s theory of endurance of the fittest and radicalised it by claiming that the inferior persons should be eradicated. It was non merely the Jews who were discriminated against but besides the Slavs and the Blacks were ‘deemed inferior people, destined for conquering or servitude. ‘ ( 37 ) Hitler used patriotism in order to know apart against other races because they were seen as below them, by doing the German race seem more of import or worthy so everyone else he reinstalled national pride in the imagined community. In his 25 point programme he spoke of how he wanted to unify ‘all Germans in a great Germany ‘ and that â€Å" German people have rights to those equal to those of other states and the Treaty of Versailles and St. Germain shall be abrogated. † Nazi Germany were rallied by this belief of their importance and wanted to take back what was truly theirs, sovereignty resides with the Aryan race ( volksgemeinscharft ) Hitler believed that over clip it was going of all time more hard to separate Hebrews from the Germans apart from their faith as they took on European individualities which he believed was incorrect because the Jews who held of import places were working the state for the ain selfish demands. ‘Under Nazism Katz argues ‘racism became metaphysical and the devastation of the Jews was indispensable for the saving of the German state if non their redemption. ‘ ( 68 ) aˆÂ ¦ Nazi propaganda i? Encourage them i? Fear Nazi propaganda played a important function in maintaining the state province strong and to reenforce the province chief policy, which was to make a superior race. Nazi propaganda was used to promote everyone that what they had set out to make was the right thing and the state should be proud for cleaning society. ‘Publicity was designed to startle the population, to implement continued attachment and group trueness. ‘ Hitler invariably spoke of how he wanted to take the Judaic race in Europe. Nazi political orientation was systematically used with the purpose of keeping high national pride in the imagined community. In a popular hebdomadal magazine, Der Angriff had a circulation of some 300,000 wrote, ‘the war will stop with the extinction of the Judaic race ‘ and in another widely read article, Das Reich made an indistinguishable anticipation: ‘the Jews will pay with the extinction ( aussrottung ) of their race in Europe. † The repeat of despised towards Jews in the imperativeness would go synonymous in the imagined community and hence would back up the German cause. ‘ Nazi Germany non merely promoted propaganda but when they realised they were get downing to lose clasp on the war they tried to beat up the state by motivating fright. Nazi Germany tried to convert the imagined community that it was non merely them who played a function in the attempt to destruct European Jewry but it was the German public excessively. NSDAP believed that by intimidating the German state, they would hold no pick but to back up and promote their attempts. NSDAP claimed that ‘Jewish Acts of the Apostless of retaliation against the full German people, and non merely the Nazi leading, should the war terminal unsuccessfully. ‘ This clearly shows the nation-state employed these fear tactics in order to beat up the state and convert them that what they were making was for the greater good. Hitler used patriotism in order to convert the populace that what he set out to make was for the Aryan race. The two most of import factors of Nazi political orientation were antisemitism and racism, Nazi political orientation was committed to the creative activity of a maestro race and therefore the riddance of what it deemed ‘life unworthy of populating ‘ among the Germans such as ‘mentally retarded, emotionally disturbed, and physically handicapped Germans, along with Gypsies and Jews. Hitler ‘s used patriotism to implement his ideals by claiming that the Aryan race were superior and that the Jews were the ageless enemy of the German people. Political motion i? History i? Hitlers anti-semitic position Hitler was an anti-semitic leader, who was n’t afraid to publicise his extremist hatred towards the Judaic race and Hitlers ‘ideas sing antisemitism must be entire remotion of the Jews. ‘ Hitler entirely is non to fault for the annihilating offense committed to the persecution of an full race but the NSDAP party who believed in the Nazi political orientation and the people who were involved in it every bit good as the people who stood by and watched. ‘ The Otherring Greece illustration Greece ( 2000-2004 ) there were several instances of racial bias, which brought to the foreground inquiries of national individuality, racism and favoritism. Traditionally the best student of the school in acknowledgment of that student ‘s excellence holds the Grecian national symbol. This was non the instance in 2000 because in the costal town of Nea Michaniona the Michaniote found out the best pupil was non Grecian but in existent fact Albanian, whose household migrated to Greece a few old ages before in hunt of a better life. Odysseus Cenai ( Odhise Qenaj ) is the pupil in inquiry, which caused tumult from his equals and their parents. The chief ground for such ill will was because of his race, he was Albanian and non Greek. This racism towards Cenai and many others who inhabit Greece has stemmed from historical events, spiritual positions and nationalism towards their state. Firstly I will discourse the context in which the events occurred because it provides us with an pen etration to the beliefs of the imagined community. The ground why the Grecian state were so inexorable non to see Cenai an Albanian to transport the flag was because of the significance of the flag. The flag and the national anthem are symbolic mentions to the Greeks with its ain myth of common beginnings and history ( Smith 1981, p. 66 ) . The Grecian flag ( bluish with white cross ) dates back to a decree issued during the Grecian Independence War ( 1822 ) , and ‘entwin [ es ] national sentiments with spiritual strong beliefs ‘ ( Karakasidou 2000, p. 226 ) . The Grecian anthem operates along the same lines, as both its history ( as a piece of poesy composed by the Greek ‘national poet ‘ , Solomos ) and its content refer to the procedure of Grecian ethnogenesis. ‘ Grecian ethnogensis derives from the Greek Ethnos, which means ‘groups of people ‘ , or ‘nation ‘ is the procedure by which a group of human existences come to be unde rstood or understand themselves ethnically distinct from the wider societal landscape from which their grouping emerges. This is an of import construct because the Grecian civilization is really loyal and see themselves distinct from other races due to their belief towards Greek orthodox. The national flag harmonizing to Firth today plays a symbolic map, being a ‘condensation symbol ‘ and ‘a focal point for sentiment about society. ( Firth 1975:356 ) The national flag symbolises the sacred character of the state ; loyal citizens revere it. The national flag plays an of import function in keeping the nationalism and love for Greece. Michael Billig suggests that â€Å" the topographic point of national flags in modern-day life bears a minute ‘s consideration † ( 1995, p. 117 ) . These minutes of ideas towards the flag and the significance that they play are cardinal in making a strong sense of national pride. National pride could be considered ideologica lly racist because you adore your state and you do n’t desire anyone staining its image. The parade itself is really of import because it is excessively commemorate the Greeks strength and their finding non to give in to the Italian ‘ultimatum ‘ and resignation to the Axis Forces on the 28th October 1940. Throughout Greece the imagined community remembers the legendary ‘Ohi ‘ ( No ) that the Metaxas fascist government ( 1936-1941 ) allegedly delivered to the Italian fascist government. The struggle between the Greek and Albanians supported by Italy that followed the ‘ohi ‘ and the ephemeral Greek triumph before the German invasion and business ( 1941 ) , are registered as a great loyal act. Parading therefore symbolizes the victory of the ‘Greek spirit ‘ over its ‘enemies. ‘ ( Karakasidou 2000:241 ) nationalism towards their state is clearly high among the Greeks and this is apparent in there conflict against holding a non-Greek carry the flag which means so much to them and in this was they are honoring their t riumph. However this may be good for the Greeks that they love their state but this has besides created barriers between other civilizations. Harmonizing to Nadia Seremeta-kis so advisor to the Greek Ministry of Public Health discovered an association between Albanians and other immigrants to Greece after the gap of EU boundary lines and narratives about ‘waves of infections traversing Grecian frontiers. ‘ ( Seremetakis 1996:489 ) This creates a sense of imagination in that the infections are the immigrants traversing the Grecian boundary line. The intension of the term infection describes the immigrants as if they are occupying the host state, the racialist tone towards other civilizations is apparent and this is due to national pride. Albanians have even changed their names to Greek traditional ways in order to suit into society so they would n’t be stigmatised. Furthermore it was from Grecian perceptual experiences that if you were a different ethnicity to them , so you are Albanian. ( ibid ) The fact that they cant distinguish between different races reinforces the Grecian state ‘s attitude towards other races and their racialist positions. There was a possibility of allowing Cenai Greek citizenship so that he could take part but some Greeks argued that would non wipe out his ‘alien ‘ individuality. Two female parents of Michaniote students gave voice to such reserves by shouting in a local meeting ‘I will non allow an Albanian touch MY FLAG or sing MY NATIONAL anthem! ! ! ‘ ( Raptis 16 November 2003 ) . The racial tone was grounds of their disfavor of Albanians and their involuntariness to absorb other civilizations into their society. For illustration, senior members of the conservative party Nea Dimokratia ( New Democracy ) suggested that bearing the flag is a inquiry of birthright, therefore overruling the civic construct of the state. The permutation of civic with cultural apprehensions of the state figured once more in 2003, when the Prefect of Thessaloniki, Panagiotis Psomiadis, declared that ‘You are born a Grecian, you can non be turned into a Grecian! ‘ ( Raptis 16 November 2003 ) . Firth, R. ( 1975 ) ‘Symbolism of flags ‘ , in Symbols Public and Private, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. How to cite The Link Between Nationalism And Racism History Essay, Essay examples

Revaluation Model Value of Asset

Question: Describe about the Revaluation Model for Value of Asset. Answer: Journal Entries In Revaluation Model Journal Entries in case if revaluation results in increase in value of asset In $ 000' Sr. No. Date Particular Dr. Amount Cr. Amount 1 30.06.2016 Non- Current Asset A/c 6875000 To Revaluation Surplus A/c 6875000 [Being revaluation reserve created with the increase in carrying amount of asset.] Conditions for raising debt are as follows: Debt ratio should be less than 0.6, and The time's interest earned ratio should be more than 3 Debt ratio Total Liabilities/Total Assets Cost Model Revaluation Model Debt $20,000,000.00 Debt $20,000,000.00 Assets $35,500,000.00 Assets $49,250,000.00 Ratio 0.563380282 Ratio 0.406091371 Times interest earned ratio Profit before tax + interest expense/interest expense Profit before tax $450,000.00 Profit before tax $7325000 Interest exp. $900,000.00 Interest exp. $900,000.00 Ratio 1.5 Ratio 9.138888889 Working note Balance sheet under cost model Liabilities Amount Assets Amount Equity (Bal Fig) $15,300,000 Property plant and equipment $27,500,000 Net profit $200,000 current assets $8,000,000 Long term liability $17,500,000 short term liabilities $2,500,000 $35,500,000 $35,500,000 Balance sheet under revaluation model Liabilities Amount Assets Amount Equity (Bal Fig) $29,050,000 Property plant and equipment $41,250,000 Net profit $200,000 current assets $8,000,000 Long term liability $17,500,000 short term liabilities $2,500,000 $49,250,000 $49,250,000 Analysis On the basis of the given case study and the calculations above many interpretations can be drawn. The total assets of Sha Maru Ltd. amount to $35,500,000. These assets include $27,500,000 worth of property, plant and equipment, while the remaining is current assets. From the companys financial data, it can be stated that a large proportion of the assets is consumed by property, plant and equipment. Therefore, the carrying amount of asset must be greater than the actual value because it is mentioned that the fair amount of assets is 25% greater than their current value. This will lead to higher depreciation and the increase in asset value is likely to minimise the companys liabilities. Sha Marus long-term liabilities are worth $17,500,000, while the short-term obligations amount to $2,500,000. Net profit for the period is $2,000,000; the interest expense is $900,000 and the tax expense cumulate to $250,000. The rise in carrying the amount of the asset is going to have a direct favourable impact on the companys debt-equity ratio. As the company will require making various changes in the depreciation adjustments because cost methodology was being followed earlier and now the company is adopting the revaluation method. Sha Maru will now have to abide by the statutory and cost changes as per the changes in the accounting standard. It is critical to properly present the difference between the assets revalued amount and the carrying amount while reporting in the books of account. Applying the revaluation model is more advantageous in the context of managing the debt percentage. Moreover, it will also enable the organisation to make sufficient payments in terms of dividend. Ratios under the revaluation model are more favourable and this will be helpful in taking a loan because all conditions are getting satisfied in this model. Moreover, the debt-asset ratio was more during the cost model and lower during the revaluation model. Higher debt-asset ratio implied that more than nearly 56% of the companys assets were being financed by debt, while in the revaluation method 48% of the assets were being financed through debt. Under the cost method, Sha Maru had a comparatively higher degree of leverage and hence a lower level of financial flexibility. This is due to the fact that debt servicing payments ought to be made under any condition or else Sha Maru would violate the debt covenants and become vulnerable to bankruptcy. The Times Interest Earned ratio was only 1.5 during the application of cost method. This implied that Sha Marus ability to meet its debt payments was very weak. On the other hand, under the revaluation method, it increased to 9.13 which is a substantial increase in Sha Marus ability to honour its debt obligations. Definitely, the creditors would prefer Sha Maru more now as it has a much greater times interest ratio which demonstrates the organisation can afford to pay the interest amounts when they become due. Moreover, a higher ratio is less risky, whereas a ratio below 3 indicates credit risk. Impact on books of account when applying revaluation model The fair value of the asset can be calculated with the help of a qualified valuator. If the nature of an asset is such that it is not feasible to use market value method, then an alternate method can be used to determine its fair value. If an assets revaluation leads to a rise in the carrying amount then such increase will be considered as a rise in other comprehensive income and will be recorded as revaluation surplus in the equity. Hence, if in future, the asset value again decreases then the pertinent profit will be considered as revaluation gain and the loss to the degree the balance is available in the revaluation account will be implemented by decreasing the revaluation reserve. If after revaluation it is concluded that there is a fall in the assets value, then in such cases, the fall in the amount will be recorded as a loss in the PL account. If a revaluation reserve is present in the books of account then the loss amount is going to be adjusted against the revaluation reserve account to the available balance and the rest of the amount will be charged to the PL account.

Up From Slavery Essays - Slavery, American Slaves, Abuse

Up From Slavery Up from slavery Chapter I 45Sl2 Slavery A slave among slaves. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter I. I WAS born a slave on a plantation in Franklin County, Virginia. I am not quite sure of the exact place or exact date of my birth, but at any rate I suspect I must have been born somewhere and at some time. As nearly as I have been able to learn, I was born near a cross-roads post-office called Hale's Ford, and the year was 1858 or 1859. I do not know the month or the day. The earliest impressions I can now recall are of the plantation and the slave quarters -- the latter being the part of the plantation where the slaves had their cabins. My life had its beginning in the midst of the most miserable, desolate, and discouraging surroundings. This was so, however, not because my owners were especially cruel, for they were not, as compared with many others. I was born in a typical log cabin, about fourteen by sixteen feet square. In this cabin I lived with my mother and a brother and sister till after the Civil War, when we were all declared free. Of my ancestry I know almost nothing. In the slave quarters, and even later, I heard whispered conversations among the coloured people of the tortures which the slaves, including, no doubt, my ancestors on my mother's side, suffered in the middle passage of the slave ship while being conveyed from Africa to America. I have been unsuccessful in securing any information that would throw any accurate light upon the history of my family beyond my mother. She, I remember, had a half-brother and a half-sister. In the days of slavery not very much attention was given to family history and family records -- that is, black family records. My mother, I suppose, attracted the attention of a purchaser who was afterward my owner and hers. Her addition to the slave family attracted about as much attention as the purchase of a new horse or cow. Of my father I know even less than of my mother. I do not even know his name. I have heard reports to the effect that he was a white man who lived on one of the near-by plantations. Whoever he was, I never heard of his taking the least interest in me or providing in any way for my rearing. But I do not find especial fault with him. He was simply another unfortunate victim of the institution which the Nation unhappily had engrafted upon it at that time. The cabin was not only our living-place, but was also used as the kitchen for the plantation. My mother was the plantation cook. The cabin was without glass windows; it had only openings in the side which let in the light, and also the cold, chilly air of winter. There was a door to the cabin -- that is, something that was called a door -- but the uncertain hinges by which it was hung, and the large cracks in it, to say nothing of the fact that it was too small, made the room a very uncomfortable one. In addition to these openings there was, in the lower right-hand corner of the room, the cat-hole, -- a contrivance which almost every mansion or cabin in Virginia possessed during the ante-bellum period. The cat-hole was a square opening, about seven by eight inches, provided for the purpose of letting the cat pass in and out of the house at will during the night. In the case of our particular cabin I could never understand the necessity for this convenience, since there were at least a half-dozen other places in the cabin that would have accommodated the cats. There was no wooden floor in our cabin, the naked earth being used as a floor. In the centre of the earthen floor there was a large, deep opening covered with boards, which was used as a place in which to store sweet potatoes during the winter. An impression of this potato- hole is very distinctly engraved upon my memory, because I recall that during the process of putting the potatoes in or taking them

Free Essays on Jesus Of Nazareth

Peoples’ Rolls In Sula In the novel Sula all the characters have their roles that they’re molded into just like everyone does in life. Based in the time that it takes place in and the fact that the vast majority of the characters are African-American their roles are pretty much forced for them to live by a predominately White- male society. The introduction to the novel starts off towards the end of slave times (the late 1800’s). A good white farmer promised freedom and a piece of bottom land to his slave if he would perform some very difficult chores (pg. 5). The slave performs the chores and the White farmer tricks the slave into wanting the hilly land, which he gets. The hilly land is the worst land possible to have. Where Planting was backbreaking, where the soil slid down and washed away the seeds, and where the wind lingered all through the winter (pg. 5). Getting the worst land possible fit the slave’s role perfectly. Because he was a slave he alway s got the worst end of everything and by getting the so-called â€Å"bottom land† he got the worst end of the deal. Throughout the next few years the town of Medallion was formed. It was a poor town but the people who lived there made the best of it. Their roles in life in Medallion all seem to fit the poor town or poor neighborhood lifestyle perfectly almost as if we’d expect it too. The town of Medallion is a predominately black town, located in Ohio during the early 1900’s. Blacks weren’t expected to do much. No one really cared about them in a White-ran society. White people looked down on them and in society’s eye they were at the very bottom of the social ladder. Almost all of the characters roles are roles that people would assume in their societies position. Shadrack’s role in Medallion is that the community thinks he’s kind of crazy. They just leave him to do his own thing. He is a World War One veteran and witnessed somethin g horrible happen during one of t... Free Essays on Jesus Of Nazareth Free Essays on Jesus Of Nazareth Peoples’ Rolls In Sula In the novel Sula all the characters have their roles that they’re molded into just like everyone does in life. Based in the time that it takes place in and the fact that the vast majority of the characters are African-American their roles are pretty much forced for them to live by a predominately White- male society. The introduction to the novel starts off towards the end of slave times (the late 1800’s). A good white farmer promised freedom and a piece of bottom land to his slave if he would perform some very difficult chores (pg. 5). The slave performs the chores and the White farmer tricks the slave into wanting the hilly land, which he gets. The hilly land is the worst land possible to have. Where Planting was backbreaking, where the soil slid down and washed away the seeds, and where the wind lingered all through the winter (pg. 5). Getting the worst land possible fit the slave’s role perfectly. Because he was a slave he alway s got the worst end of everything and by getting the so-called â€Å"bottom land† he got the worst end of the deal. Throughout the next few years the town of Medallion was formed. It was a poor town but the people who lived there made the best of it. Their roles in life in Medallion all seem to fit the poor town or poor neighborhood lifestyle perfectly almost as if we’d expect it too. The town of Medallion is a predominately black town, located in Ohio during the early 1900’s. Blacks weren’t expected to do much. No one really cared about them in a White-ran society. White people looked down on them and in society’s eye they were at the very bottom of the social ladder. Almost all of the characters roles are roles that people would assume in their societies position. Shadrack’s role in Medallion is that the community thinks he’s kind of crazy. They just leave him to do his own thing. He is a World War One veteran and witnessed somethin g horrible happen during one of t...

Business Rationale For Diversity Management Free Sample

CERA is a company that is working on large scale across the world. the report examines the importance of diversity management at CERA and describes the relevancy of diversity at the workplace. It has to inculcate a culture of diversity management while organizing the business. It should promote the culture in a way that everyone can see the reflection of diversity in their culture and the process. CERA has been working till now on an old model of HR recruitment but there is a necessity to keep doors opened for people from different background in order to attain cultural diversity. CERA has an issur It is recommended to incorporate principles of diversity management at the workplace in order to highlight all the important aspects of human resource management. The different aspect of diversity management is selection, recruitment, performance appraisal, training and development. Organizations need to show a commitment towards diversity and should try to integrate flexible working condition for the employees in order to attain balance at work. Moreover workplace diversity management helps in building s strong relationship with the community that helpsin enhancing the overall productivity. This process helps in improving the quality of programs and delivers an efficient service and product (Bassett?Jones, 2005). CERA has to inculcate a culture of diversity management while organizing the business. It should promote the culture in a way that everyone can see the reflection of diversity in their culture and the process. Success of the organization depends upon the ability to adopt di versity and to realize their benefits (Egan & Bendick, 2008). In order to ensure selection of diverse pool of talent it is advised to improve the HR policies which will create ample of opportunities. The HR manager should ensure recruitment of efficient candidates from the diverse pool of people through practicing diversity management at workplace (Curtis & Dreachslin, 2008). Choosing people out from a diverse pool will increase overall productivity. Moreover diversity management while recruitment and selection is not a difficult task. Reviewing HR policies timely as per the global competitive environment is suggested I order to attain objectives. It is essential to notice that a broader diversity management will help in broadening the choice. A well-managed recruitment program will help in absorbing the best candidates. This will ensure that a pool of right people is chosen to accomplish the objectives of the organization (Cooke & Saini, 2010). Diversity management focus on assembling values of t he organization and practice strategy to develop vision and organizational strategy pertaining to the requirements. Diversity management includes equal employment opportunity for every individual at workplace. This will ensure incorporating people with a different perspective and background to work under one roof. CERA needs to develop the policies focusing on promoting diversity management (Vertovec & Wessendorf, 2010). It needs to develop compliance oriented approach in order to promote diversity at workplace. The people of the organization are source of strength and competitive advantage. Diversity management has multiple impacts on the organization while considering the difficulties faced at different level. This will help in providing a competitive advantage to CERA by keeping doors opened for people from different background. This process will help in adapting effective planning at workplace. This will moreover help in improv ing innovative practice at workplace which will enhance the overall productivity. This will help in ensuring effective balance in between the desired culture and objective results. Most of the organizations are disregarding the importance of diversity at the workplace.   This has however caused a stagnant growth for those organizations to include a diverse environment at workplace (Labelle, Gargouri & Francoeur, 2010). CERA has to develop a cohesive environment that provides an opportunity for the growth by pushing various different aspects. Diversity management is correlated with the success of the organization in multiple ways which involve various cultural backgrounds (Rice, 2010). Multiculturalism is a part of diverse working environment with people from different walk of life. The diversity management looks upon the issues at multiple levels while positioning the strategic, managerial and operational functions. This practice can only be motivated if an organization imbibes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   these functions in their culture. There should be a proper coordination in between the senior and lower level of management in order to synchronize information. Senior level executives are given responsibility to handle the multi cultural environment. This will help in enhancing the scope of the organization. CERA has to promote a multi-cultural environment by reviewing the HR plan ( Martà ­n-Alcà ¡zar, Romero-Fernà ¡ndez & Sà ¡nchez-Gardey,2012). Conventional HR policies will only land up to troubles. This practice need to be achieved through developing a cohesive environment. Diversified teams at workplace will help in managing the critical issues in an easy manner. They allow a better understanding of the issues in order to develop a multi cultural environment. Researchers have acknowledged that a multicultural environment helps in overcoming the loopholes in the organization. This provides with an insight to convert dreams into reality. CERA has to face a challenge to promote a multi cultural environment in order to seek effective result .International presence of the brand has initiated a multi cultural environment. This has created a sense of cultural awareness among employees to think with a different perspective. They are being exposed to different ideas and points and can create a workforce with a large social network group and helps in increasing the business base (Mujtaba, 2007). An organizational success and competitiveness depends upon the ability of the organization to embrace diversity by realizing the benefits. All those organizations that are handling the diversity issues at the workplace are developed according to the necessity. The beneficiary of Diversity management is the organization who gets an opportunity to expand business opportunity due to a multi cultural environment.   A company that encourages diversity management helps in inspiring the other employees in an organization.   This will provide an opportunity to handle diverse workplace issues. This will help in implementing the plans carefully (Need, 2006). Diversity management will help in providing a broad range of skills and experience to the organization that will help in providing a diverse range of customer based services. A diverse environment will benefit the organization by considering the variety of viewpoints given by individual employee while framing the business polices. This will ensure meeting out the business strategies while expanding the various opportunities. Workplace diversity is beneficial for both employee and the organization. It increases the market opportunity, recruitment and creativity and helps in meeting difficult task (Kossek, Lobel & Brown, 2006).   Diversity management helps in creating a flexible business environment in order to achieve the desired results. Flexibility and creativity at workplace will help in managing the issues in an effective manner. Moreover it will help in managing the issues occurring at a different level of an organization. This will led to recognition of various issues that occ urs at different level. CERA needs to initiate further in order to seek benefit of diversity at workplace while creating a diversified environment (Pitts, 2009). Human resource is an important part of a successful business while focusing on business strategy.   Managers understand the importance of well-trained staff in order to motivate the other employees. Successful HR departments have understood the importance of keeping efficient employees that will help in attaining goals. Business managers are responsible to communicate idea of the business to the subordinates. Diversity need to be handled in an effective manner to achieve success for attaining long term goals. Majority of business organizations has realized importance of diversity management at the workplace due to increasing complication in business. Majority of the business organization across the world are seeking opportunities to resolve the complications. CERA by far has been following the old procedure of recruiting human resource personnel. Incorporating new practices will enhance the growth opportunity. The changes taking place in the organization needs to be addressed in a manner that is necessary in developing the strength (Henry & Evans, 2007). CERA is currently operating in different countries with a diversified working environment. Under such a situation it is suggested that CERA should make its policies accordingly so that they can seek a competitive advantage against other. Business strategies need to be made keeping in mind the recruitment structure. An organization with a dynamic workforce works more efficiently when compared to other. CERA however has incorporated a multi-cultural workforce but it is advised to organize more people in order to attain growth (Wrench, 2016). It is necessary to give proper representation to the minority while managing diversity Stakeholders in today’s business scenario play a significant role in today’s competitive world. Stakeholder management and consultation has become increasingly prevalent in today’s business scenario. Stakeholder’s consultation plays an important role in accomplishing corporate social responsibility. It is seen that business that engages everyone around is able to make a consistent performance. Stakeholder consultation is important for putting a positive effect on an organization recruitment process. This helps in building positive relationships in order to shape a positive job profile. It is essential for a business organization to address competing interest or differing priorities in order to shape the priorities. This will help in acknowledge the expectation in order to achieve desired result. Gaining valuable insight and information helps stakeholders in achieving dis tinguished goals. It provides a fountain of valuable experience, insight and knowledge to recruit with a vision to achieve daunting goals. This helps in facilitating successful candidates to the organization and promotes robots stakeholders engagement that will help in achieving desired goals (Foster & Harris,2005). Below mentioned are the necessary recommendations that are suggested to Mark French according to the present HRM policies and the role of diversity management at workplace. It is advised to CERA to employ people from every background in order to attain unrealistic goals. For achieving a sustainable growth it is advised to incorporate systematic changes in overall recruitment and selection procedure which will help in establishing an effective work environment. Diversity for an organization proves to be one-size-fits all option. Firstly it is suggested to involve every individual in the organization to take the responsibility of diversity. Top management to bottom management should take responsibility to manage diversity at workplace. Diversity management is all together a complex issue needs to be resolved in a simple manner to avoid future disputes (Barak, 2013). CERA should measure progress towards achieving diversity at the workplace through managing realistic goals by developing metrics. Comparing the standard and actual outcome will help in assimilating desired result within a required time-period. CERA is advised to measure all the goals on a desired parameter set by the management previously. CERA need to put all the fiscal and human resources at place in order to incorporate the policies in the organization while changing all the necessary functioning. Company need to start planning from the ground level in order to practice diversity management. Incorporating diversity management is a tough task for an organization at an initial level but managing everything in a systematic arrangement will help the organization to achieve sustainable result (Konrad, Prasad & Pringle, 2005). System is necessary to be prepared in advance in order to promote diversity. Talent acquisition is about attracting the best out of a pool of people. Once the requirement are set it is simple to choose the most efficient person for the desired post. This will enable a multi-culture environment at the workplace. Educating everyone about the role of diversity at workplace will help in processing necessary goals. It is necessary for an organization to provide proper information to the employees about the role of diversity in order to achieve desired result in the given time frame. Training is necessary to imbibe culture of the organization within employees (Pitts & Wise, 2010). It is necessary to initiate support from the top level management in order to articulate business function. Diversity represents the cultural value of an organization where everyone is treated equally irrespective of the place where they come from. Following abovementioned policies will help in incorporating a favorable environment at the workplace which will provide a sustainable environment. It is advised to decide in advance the procedure through which the vacant position would be filed. The current vacant positions are related to senior engineer and graduate engineer. Firstly it is necessary to shortlist the candidates out of the received application. The position need to be fulfilled as per the required qualification. It is recommended to the HR manager to short list the most appropriate application and to initiate the interview process. All the shortlisted candidates need to be invited for a formal written and personal interview in order to judge their knowledge. Out of the chosen candidates a final round of interview need to carried in order to ensure the best candidate. Offer letter is given to the candidate who is chosen by the interviewer. Finally the Chosen candidate is asked to give final confirmation about the job which he has opted. It is necessary to seek all proper information in advance (Harvey & Allard, 2015). HRM is all about keeping systematic information about filing the right place in the organization. An organization can only achieve success if it recruitment team is already well-trained. In today’s competitive scenario this has become evident to recruit the best employees. CERA has to involve a diversified workforce in order to attain desired result. Assembling people from a different cultural background is necessary for attaining differential results. This has become important foot every organization around the world to include efficient workforce in order to access maximum result (Aytemiz Seymen, 2006). Advice of friends and colleagues are taken serious by maximum number of people while making employment decision.   Most of the decision made b the young generation is affected by the peer and surroundings. A career option according to them depends upon moment of choice. They are particularly opting for those career options which are advised to them by their friends. In a co mpetitive atmosphere the decision related to career options are widely affected due to numerous career options. However it has become important that the external influence for a person is causing a huge amount of pressure while guaranteeing successful career. It is affecting their mental status and providing them with an insight to make a futuristic decision (Shen, Chanda, D'netto & Monga, 2009). It is advice to CERA that they should focus on determining the relevant standard to the organization while improvising the selection procedure. Diversity is much broader than what it is considered by the organization. Human resource needs to promote broad range of policies not only in recruiting diverse workforce but to implement effective procedure. This is necessary for an organization to implement the efficient policies in the organization so that CERA can perform extraordinary by acquiring a pool of efficient workers around the world. Diverse workforce helps in achieving desired results which will help it in receiving long term growth. There is a necessity to implement selection process that understands individual differences. Every individual has a different sort of mindset and it is very important for an individual to ally all the activities to recruit the best out of all. The report is related to implication of diversity management at CERA and the studies relevant manner to at tain goals. The company has been focusing on incorporating diversified human resource in order to attain sustainability. CERA can perform extraordinary by acquiring a pool of efficient workers around the world. They have to frame systematic policies in order to achieve desired result. Aytemiz Seymen, O. (2006). The cultural diversity phenomenon in organisations and different approaches for effective cultural diversity management: a literary review.  Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,  13(4), 296-315. Barak, M. E. M. (2013).  Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Bassett?Jones, N. (2005). The paradox of diversity management, creativity and innovation.  Creativity and innovation management,  14(2), 169-175. Cooke, F. L., & Saini, D. S. (2010). Diversity management in India: A study of organizations in different ownership forms and industrial sectors.  Human Resource Management,  49(3), 477-500. Curtis, E. F., & Dreachslin, J. L. (2008). Integrative literature review: Diversity management interventions and organizational performance: A synthesis of current literature.  Human Resource Development Review,  7(1), 107-134. Egan, M. L., & Bendick, M. (2008). Combining multicultural management and diversity into one course on cultural competence.  Academy of Management Learning & Education,  7(3), 387-393. Foster, C., & Harris, L. (2005). Easy to say, difficult to do: diversity management in retail.  Human Resource Management Journal,  15(3), 4-17. Harvey, C. P., & Allard, M. (2015).  Understanding and managing diversity. Pearson. Henry, O., & Evans, A. J. (2007). Critical review of literature on workforce diversity.  African Journal of Business Management,  1(4). Konrad, A. M., Prasad, P., & Pringle, J. (Eds.). (2005).  Handbook of workplace diversity. Sage. Kossek, E. E., Lobel, S. A., & Brown, J. (2006). Human resource strategies to manage workforce diversity.  Handbook of workplace diversity, 53-74. Labelle, R., Gargouri, R. M., & Francoeur, C. (2010). Ethics, diversity management, and financial reporting quality.  Journal of Business Ethics,  93(2), 335-353. Martà ­n-Alcà ¡zar, F., Romero-Fernà ¡ndez, P. M., & Sà ¡nchez-Gardey, G. (2012). Transforming human resource management systems to cope with diversity.  Journal of Business Ethics,  107(4), 511-531. Mujtaba, B. (2007).  Workforce diversity management: Challenges, competencies and strategies  (pp. 207-229). Llumina Press. Need, W. C. D. H. P. (2006). Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. Pitts, D. (2009). Diversity management, job satisfaction, and performance: Evidence from US federal agencies.  Public Administration Review,  69(2), 328-338. Pitts, D. W., & Wise, L. R. (2010). Workforce diversity in the new millennium: Prospects for research.  Review of Public Personnel Administration,  30(1), 44-69. Rice, M. F. (2010).  Diversity and public administration: Theory, issues, and perspectives. ME Sharpe. Shen, J., Chanda, A., D'netto, B., & Monga, M. (2009). Managing diversity through human resource management: An international perspective and conceptual framework.  The International Journal of Human Resource Management,  20(2), 235-251. Vertovec, S., & Wessendorf, S. (Eds.). (2010).  Multiculturalism backlash: European discourses, policies and practices. Routledge. Wrench, J. (2016).  Diversity management and discrimination: Immigrants and ethnic minorities in the EU. Routledge. With a decade's experience in providing essay help,

Rape Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Rape Culture - Essay Example Most people believe there is a rape culture today on campuses and other higher learning institutions. This paper has put out some views to support the argument for existence of college rape It is projected that the degree of false rape ranges between two to ten percent. Victims should report such cases. Other individuals may also report cases of another person rape case whereas it never occurred, for instance, a mother may falsely report a child rape or a boyfriend may falsely report a girlfriend’s rape. False rape victims provide false evidence like giving bloodied clothes, disarranging the room to indicate that there was a struggle. The existence of false rape is real. Psychologists and counselors argue that false rape signals different kind of problem. These problems mostly are psychological and may require quick intervention (John, 2008). The alleged victim should go through thorough counseling before any other action. The argument about false discussed some of the causes. Some of the cause includes attention seeking, revenge, psychological distress, and greed for power and or money. Some victims may attempt to report a false rape out of curiosity. They may be interested to know what will happen to people around him or her. Distraction is another cause for one to report a false rape. They may want to distract the police, family, or even friend from a particular occurrence. False rape in colleges and universities is mainly for attention seeking. A victim may falsely claim rape in order to seek attention from the individuals he or she is interested in. for instance a woman may falsely accuse a boyfriend of rape in order to get his attention. Students also may report false rape to seek their parent’s attention. Parents may neglect their children while in colleges and universities (John, 2008). This may affect the child psychologically leading him or her to reporting

Importance of Diversity in Most Organizations In the Global Market Research Paper

Importance of Diversity in Most Organizations In the Global Market - Research Paper Example However, this diversity which meant variations in beliefs as well as in attitudes had posed some challenging concerns for a wide array of companies and businesses all throughout the years. To manage such differences has happened to confront various organizations. The problem of diversity had been present for such a long time ago. In fact, the past of each organization had been marked by the discriminatory processes such as discriminating individuals because of certain preferences on individual’s race, ethnicity, national origin, gender, sexual orientation, and others. In order to address this concern, the United States had even developed an anti – discrimination law. Currently, it had been mandated by the government that companies should forget about diversity through requiring a non – diversity rule on every organization. ... In this manner, the companies had gone further than just following the government legislation as they tried to use the differences among their employees for their own advantage. Despite the diversity issues, organizations had managed to recruit and retain those with best talents and skills to make the company work on its utmost efficiency. Aside from that, this global diversity had also contributed to the economic advantages of an organization. Given that diversity had been regarded first as a concern but this ever – growing diversity in the workplace could be leveraged to the advantages of an organization, the focus of this paper should delve on the importance of diversity in most organizations in order to be competitive in the global market at present. Basically, this paper would take into consideration looking at the current condition of organization’s management on global diversity. This paper also aimed at figuring out the importance of differences in the most orga nization which could be used for its own advancement. By this, this would also like to identify the types of diversity that could play a significant role in an organization. This would also seek to analyze the effectiveness of an organization as it had dealt with the concern on diversity. In this study, only one measure of whether organization or company had supported a management style which recognized and respected the differences of characteristics of individuals, was assessed. This research was limited in a number of aspects especially in the methodology that had framed the study. However, this would be supported by the qualitative data as well as the existing literatures. Meanwhile, the necessity to conduct this study could be backed up

The Human Population Essay Example for Free

The Human Population Essay Abstract Why is it that there are countries today experiencing economic stability and unrelenting progress while, in contrast, there countries still experiencing poverty? These are questions that can be answered when look through and compare populations of different countries. There are stages that a population goes through over time and those have major effects on what a country experiences in general. The Human Population   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It’s splendid how colorful and beautiful a Monarch butterfly (Danaus Plexippus) is that no one would think that it started as a poor and humble larva called the caterpillar. Similarly, human population doesn’t just pop – out of the smoke and there is it – in its most thriving state. Just like a butterfly, human population undergoes several transformations and transitions towards its prosperity as time winds off. Even first world countries today experienced misery before. It’s just that they have already much further gone through what we call the demographic transition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Having a sort of similarity to butterflies’ metamorphic process, demographic transition is one dramatic process of transformation that a certain human population experiences at different periods of time. What we don’t know is that population changes its â€Å"state† at different points of history. Say for example, a certain country now experiences an explosion in terms of child population. This is true for the third world countries such as Africa’s sub – Saharan countries such as Ghana and some South – East Asian countries like Laos. But that doesn’t mean that such countries would experience it forever. There would be some point in time that they would undergo transformation and leave the current state of their population. Even well developed countries experienced undergoing high population rates due to extensive CBR (Crude Birth Rate). The only thing is that history has provided them to surpass the stage earlier than other countries. Take England as an instance. England had experienced undergoing this stage as early as the 1800’s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Just what was said earlier, a certain human population doesn’t just emerge immediately already as a thriving population. It undergoes several stages in the demographic transition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stage 1 of the demographic transition is generally the â€Å"struggle†. At this stage, people’s way of thinking is that they must bear many children to ensure a stronger working force in the future, that contributes to a high CBR. Also, another reason that contributes to a high CBR at this stage is the lack of birth control programs that is being implemented. This is true for the western countries during the industrial revolution although there are still some countries under this stage up to this day. Along with the high CBR is also a high CDR (Crude Death Rate) in the population. Failure to prevent epidemics and diseases due to lack of sanitation and medicine is one factor that contributes to a high CDR.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next stage of the demographic transition is when the population is rapidly growing at an alarming rate. There is a high rate of children getting born over time but the death rate doesn’t grow. In some countries which are at this stage provides insufficient birth control programs but is providing adequate health care programs. Creating an unequal trend between the CBR and the CDR. More children in the population means that there is a large number in the population that must be provided with needs that accounts to more expenses that must be satisfied by the population. This results to an extensive use of resources that leads to environmental destruction like far-reaching logging and illegal quarrying. This in turn leads to poverty which is true in certain developing countries such as the third world countries. In order to get through, just like what the stable countries have done, the government must find ways to solve such problems. Providing jobs, better health care and sanitation programs and education can help on alleviating the crisis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the third stage of the transition, there is already an apparent stability of the CBR and CDR. The countries at this stage can already provide for much better birth control programs although there is still a slight increase of birth rate. China, South Korea and Cuba are examples of countries undergoing this stage.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last stage is during the time a certain country has already attained economic stability. Some Europeans are had already reached this stage of Demographic transition. The labor force in these countries is massive that creates a large income flow, that’s why the country is undoubtedly able provide effective health programs, birth control programs and other courses that would take care of its population and maintain it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One distinguishing characteristic of countries at this stage is that it has a mature population. Meaning to say that a large percentage making up the population is people aging from 60 years old and above or what we call the senior citizens. Gradually, aging countries, that’s how we should call them, experiences economic turn down. The reason for this is that the aging population grows that result to the dropping of the working population. And also, contributing to the population’s economic crisis is that the government tends to allocate a large part of the country’s budget for old age people’s care and services.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And also, a large part of countries in the fourth stage of demographic transition are immigrants.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   So when we see a population in such a state, it doesn’t mean forever. Before being a butterfly, it must be a caterpillar at first. References About.com (2007). Demographic Transition. Retrieved October 22, 2007, from http://geography.about.com/od/culturalgeography/a/demotransition.htm Institute For Futures Studies (October 2000). Four Phases in the Demographic Transition. Retrieved October 22, 2007, from http://www.framtidsstudier.se/filebank/files/ 20051201$132852$fil$u0byJpuS9KO6S443Tj6g.pdf

Aquatic Fitness Routine :: Water Aerobics

In order to achieve and maintain the benefits of exercise, an aquatic exercise program must follow the main principles of a workout. It should begin with warm-up stretches on the pool deck, followed by an in-pool aerobic warm-up session. Then the actual conditioning activity begins, consisting of 20 to 30 minutes of vigorous "aerobic" activity. A cool-down period in the pool can end the session, although a toning period is recommended following the cool-down. The following section discusses the aquatic fitness routine in detail. Warm-up Stretches It is very important to include proper warm-up routines before each day's activity. Physiologically, the muscles need to be warmed slowly through increased circulation, and the heart rate needs to be raised gradually. Psychologically, each participant needs to begin to think about the workout and perhaps set some personal goals for the day. Warm-ups are also an important safety precaution. Cold, tight muscles are inefficient for a good workout and may tear with sudden movements. A general idea to keep in mind while structuring a warm-up routine is to try to simulate the movements of the activity to be performed in the main body of the workout. The warm-up should simulate the workout movement but should be of a much lower intensity. Because of the nature of the exercises, they should be performed before entering the pool. A good warm-up should move quickly but thoroughly from the top of the body to the bottom of the body. In lap swimming and aerobic workout, special attention should be given to these areas: shoulder complex, obliques, abdominal, groin, hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius. Aerobic Warm-up Exercises Once the participants have entered the pool, they need to slowly raise their heart rates and get their body temperatures acclimated to that of the pool. Some fun activities for a good aerobic warm-up are to walk, jog, skip, or hop back and forth the width of the pool. As further variation, participants can do front kicks or skips and hops across the pool width. Finally, long strides, called skiing, can be used across the pool width. There are several fun games, such as musical kick-board, water basketball, and tug of war, that may be appropriate for your group as an aerobic warm-up. These games should be played for approximately 5 minutes as a warm-up activity. Conditioning Activities Circuit Training: Circuit training is a conditioning activity using stations. Different activities are designated for each station to provide a relief from the monotony of lap swimming.

Indo European Migrations

Indo-European pp Migrations pp 42-45 (period 8 pp 54-57) ben hiatt per. 1 9/4/12 1. Linguists noticed that certain language were related called them Indo- European. List the major subgroups of this family of languages. The major subgroups of this family of languages is hindi, farsi and most European languages. 2. Where was the original homeland of the Indo European speakers? The original home land of the indo European speakers is probably the steppe region of modern day Ukraine 3. How did the domestication of horses facilitate the lives of the Indo-Europeans? think migration)it was easier to migrate on horses than to walk on foot. 4. Describe the migration of the I-A’s from 3000BCE to 1000CE. The earliest indo European society began to break up around 3000 bce, and continued the migrations until about 1000 ce. 5. Discuss thoroughly the Hittites. The hitties built a powerful kingdom and establishes a close relationship with the Mesopotamians. They were responsible for light and horse drawn war carriages. 6. Discuss the the two technological innovations of the Hittites.The two technological things the hitties made were light and horse drawn war carriges. Both of which greatly strengthened their society and influenced other peoples societys too. 7. Discuss the eastern migration of the Indo-Aryans. While the hitties were building their empire in Anatolia some indo Europeans were migrating east to central asia. 8. Discuss the Western migrations of the Indo-Aryans. This move west took the indo Aryans west into greeceafter 2200 bce. 9. Discuss the Southern migrations. Another wave of migrations established some indo Europeans in the presence of iran and india.

ASQ Agile v Waterfall Essay

Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Lisa Sieverts, PMP, PMI-ACP Phil Ailes, PMI-ACP Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Agenda †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ What is a Project Overview –†¯ Traditional Project Management –†¯ Agile Project Management The Differences –†¯ Product Life Cycle –†¯ The Teams –†¯ Requirements –†¯ WBS/Product Backlog –†¯ Schedule –†¯ Risk –†¯ Quality Q&A 2  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 1 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management What is a Project? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Temporary †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Goal †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Constrained 3  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management What makes projects special? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Projects are characterized by uncertainty 4  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 2 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Traditional Waterfall Projects †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Traditional Waterfall Projects –†¯ Dates from the end of WWII –†¯ Grew out of Defense industry –†¯ Based on Deming Cycle of Plan-Do-Check-Act –†¯ Emphasizes heavy up-front analysis –†¯ Lots of documentation –†¯ PMBOK versions 1-4  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Traditional Waterfall Project High Medium Requirements Low Optional High Design Medium Low Optional High Development Medium Low Optional High Testing Medium Low Optional High Deploy Medium Low Optional 6  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 3 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Waterfall – Advantages 7  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Waterfall – Advantages †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Established Processes- Project Management Body of Knowledge †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Management Controls †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ (Apparent) Predictability †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Great for low uncertainty/high dependency projects –†¯ Construction –†¯ Update of established product –†¯ Maintenance projects 8  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 4 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Waterfall – Disadvantages 9  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Waterfall – Disadvantages †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Sometimes is more about the Process than the Product †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Keeps the customer at bay – by the time they see the end results it may be too late †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Project teams often become rigid and resistant to change: â€Å"Those darn users keep changing their minds.† †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Long product development time 10  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 5 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Agile Project Management †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ The Agile Way –†¯ Experiments in the 1990s –†¯ Values self-organizing teams –†¯ No formal â€Å"project management† –†¯ Iterative approach –†¯ Flexible  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Manifesto †¢ The Agile Manifesto for Software Development –†¯ â€Å"We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Individuals and interactions over processes and tools †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Working software over comprehensive documentation †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Customer collaboration over contract negotiation †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Responding to change over following a plan –†¯ That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.† 12  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 6 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management The Agile Way Sprints – High Priority Features Integrate Test Sprints – Low Priority Features Integrate Test Integrate Test Design Test Test Develop Integrate Test Demo & Feedback Develop Requirements Test Test Develop Sprints – Optional Priority Features Demo & Feedback Requirements Design Test Design Test Demo & Feedback Develop Requirements Test Demo & Feedback Requirements Design Test Sprints – Medium Priority Features 13  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Agile – Advantages 14  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 7 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Agile – Advantages †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Shorter development cycles †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Customer participates, providing direct feedback †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Team-ownership – developers, testers, analysts and customers work together †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Process encourages and easily adapts to change †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Improved quality because testing is continuous 15  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Agile – Disadvantages 16  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 8 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Agile – Disadvantages †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Lack of established processes †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Management resistance to change †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Reduced (apparent) predictability †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Requires culture change †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ It’s new – there isn’t a lot to draw upon 17  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Project Life Cycle †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Traditional: waterfall –†¯Initiate –†¯Plan –†¯Define –†¯Design –†¯Build –†¯Test †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Agile Projects: iterative –†¯Envision –†¯Speculate –†¯Explore –†¯Adapt –†¯Close –†¯Repeat as necessary 18  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 9 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management The Team †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Waterfall –†¯Sponsor –†¯Product Manager –†¯Project Manager –†¯The Team – defined roles †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Agile –†¯Sponsor –†¯Product Owner –†¯Scrum Master –†¯The Team – variable roles 19  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management The Requirements †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Waterfall –†¯ Large Document –†¯ Formal, based on analysis –†¯ Performed by Business Analyst –†¯ Completed before any development begins †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Agile –†¯ Small Index Cards –†¯ User Stories, based on conversation –†¯ Performed by the Product Owner –†¯ Completed â€Å"just in time† 20  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 10 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management The Foundation Documents †¢ Waterfall –†¯ Work Breakdown Structure 100 % of Scope 21  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management The Foundation Documents †¢ Agile –†¯ The Product Backlog Roman Pichler, Agile Product Management 22  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 11 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management The Schedule †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Waterfall –†¯ Built before work begins –†¯ End date is often †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Agile –†¯ Rebuilt every sprint –†¯ End date evolves based on team velocity –†¯ Focused on nearterm accuracy –†¯ Emphasizes regular delivery of working features predetermined –†¯ Strives to predict the future –†¯ Emphasizes delivery of the entire product 23  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Risk †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Waterfall –†¯ Inherently high-risk based on long product cycles –†¯ Emphasizes the ability to predict the future –†¯ Risk Register †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Agile –†¯ Inherently low-risk based on customer feedback –†¯ Emphasizes adaptation to changing environment –†¯ Risk Register 24  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 12 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Quality †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Waterfall –†¯ Testing is at the end †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Agile –†¯ Testing begins before development of the project –†¯ Testers work separately from developers –†¯ User Acceptance occurs at the end of the project –†¯ Testers and developers work together simultaneously –†¯ User Acceptance occurs at end of every sprint 25  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management What’s Different? †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Waterfall –†¯ Plan all in advance –†¯ Work Breakdown Structure –†¯ Functional specs –†¯ Gantt chart –†¯ Status reports –†¯ Deliver at the end –†¯ Learn at the end –†¯ Follow the plan –†¯ Manage tasks †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Agile –†¯ Plan as you go –†¯ Product Backlog –†¯ User stories –†¯ Release plan –†¯ Story boards –†¯ Deliver as you go –†¯ Learn every sprint –†¯ Adapt everything –†¯ Team ownership 26  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 13 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Summary †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Both Waterfall and Agile have the same goals: –†¯ Delivering a well- tested product that satisfies the customer within an efficient time frame that doesn’t leave the team worn out 27  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Questions 28  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 14 Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Thank You 29  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes Waterfall vs. Agile Project Management Contact Us †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Lisa Sieverts –†¯ Facilitated Change –†¯ www.lisasieverts.com –†¯ 603.762.0235 †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Phil Ailes –†¯ Ailes Consulting –†¯ www.ailes-consulting.com –†¯ 603.903.7051 30  ©Lisa Sieverts & Phil Ailes 15

lord of the flies play essays

lord of the flies play essays The theatre version of Lord of the Flies based on the novel by William Golding and adapted by Nigel Williams are now being presented in the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith, London. Tickets cost about 7.00. This review is comparing the book and how Nigel Williams adapted it. The theatre version of Lord of the Flies is very good. Interesting and always in the climax. The actors are not little kids and there are not lots of them. There are only 8 actors. Some of the actors take 2 or 3 roles. The adult actors acted like a bunch of kids, which was very effective. The way the stage is set out was terrific, the moves around and about on the stage were really planned out well. The stage is a wrecked plane broken in to 2 parts. Actors used up all the stage. See diagram. For example when it is the mountain scene the fire on top of the shelter is lit up and the movable part is facing towards us with the highest point towards the audience. When simon is running down the mountain the movable parts were facing with the lowest point towards us so that it creates a downhill effect. Piggy was a very good actor. The person who took the role of piggy really sounded like piggy.(cockney accent). Some of Piggys lines were cut out and the way the Piggy died was totally different. Ralph was played by a good actor. The actor was really active, hyper, and was very childlike. He was serious and sometimes fun like in the book. Jack was not what I expected. The entrance of the choir was very good but Jacks voice was just to high pitched and annoying. If Jack were a bit more serious and manly he would have been the perfect actor. Jack sounded too childish. Simon was a very good actor. He was interesting. I taught that the actor had the potential to be like Ralph but because he plays Simon he doesnt talk that much. The ...

A Cover Letter and a Professional Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A Cover Letter and a Professional Letter - Essay Example I am currently studying as a senior at the New York Institute of technology (Architecture department), and will graduate by spring 2008 with a Bachelor's degree in architecture. I am interning with the Rosenbaum design group, which is involved in designing shopping centers, supermarkets and retail projects. As an intern, I am involved in conceptual designing, site evaluation and drafting. I have successfully designed __________________ and supervised the drafting of _____________________________. I have also been involved with the US military and have training and experience in masonry, wood framing and model making. To this end, I have assisted in the completion of ________________________________. I would welcome an opportunity to meet with you, and discuss the position available. Please let me know if you have any questions or if I may provide any additional information that you require. I am enclosing my resume along with this letter. You can reach me by phone at (123) 123-1212 or email me at email@email.com. I am deeply committed to gaining more experience with regard to architecture and my work with the Rosenbaum design group demonstrates this amply. I have been working there in the capacity of an intern, with direct involvement in drafting, conceptual designing and site evaluation. I have also successfully designed _______________ and supervised the drafting of _____________________.

Strategic Management of publically lisied company Essay

Strategic Management of publically lisied company - Essay Example The objective of the study is to measure Apple Inc’s current challenges and their strategies to cope up with them. Strategic analysis is the method of conducting research on a company’s internal and external business environment in which it operates, in order to formulate a suitable strategy (Rigby, 2001). There are a number of tools of strategic analysis such as PEST analysis, SWOT analysis, Porters five forces, Value chain analysis which will be described in details in context of Apple Corporation. Additionally, strategic planning involves defining the company’s mission, goals and objectives which initiates effective strategy formulation (Luo, 2008). Also, the viability of Apple Inc’s current strategy and recommended strategies depending on its business environment will be evaluated in details through this study. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities and provides a view of a company’s current and could-be position. SWOT analysis is conducted to evaluate Apple Inc’s current position and strategies with respect to its internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) environment (Cravens, Piercy & Baldauf, 2009). PEST stands for political, economic, social and technological factors which are macro-environmental factors that affect the decision making and strategy formulation of an organization (Cravens, Piercy & Baldauf, 2009). In case of Apple Inc., this analysis will help to analyze the current and projected position of the company. Political factors- In the recent years, 52% of Apples sales were outside America and it also manufactures many of its goods outside the country (Barney, 2001). Political conflicts in any of the countries such as China, Korea and Ireland in which it operates will have terrible effects on the business of Apple Inc. Economic factors- The economic depression can result to a wide

Service operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Service operation management - Essay Example r customers who prefer French cuisine where the product design and development matches seasonality of the service industry characterised by unique world class wines. Besides, the quality of service provision stems from the distinct setting and furnishing resulting in unique classical architecture (Daniel, 2015). Therefore, the restaurant’s business focus is on providing rooms for dining and the warm as well as welcoming bar lounge where guests have the opportunity to enjoy the creative cocktails, sumptuous night desserts, and a la carte dining. Moreover, the organisation’s success in meeting customer needs and providing quality services has made it earn the two-star Michelin rating. In this case, the organisation’s success is a perfect reference for evaluating how service organisations manage their service operations. Any customer who visits a restaurant expects professional high-class services especially for the highly rated organisations like the Daniels restaurant. The focus of service operations management is to ensure that customers get the value for their money (Zhang, Linderman & Schroeder, 2012). Therefore, customers believe that the high prices they pay for the restaurants must be reflected in the organisations service provision. In this regard, customers expect the organisation to be flexible in meeting their ever changing needs. In the modern business environment, the focus has shifted to quality of services where customers prefer organisations that put quality at the forefront of their operations since it is one of the expectations from the customers (Zaim, Bayyurt & Zaim, 2013). Nonetheless, the customers expect helpful and friendly service staff that can rely on for information and providing answers to some of their burning questions. The customers also expect that the organisation should respond promptly to inquiries, whether through online, by phone and in person. Most of all, customers expect a restaurant facility to maintain high level of

Minimum Wage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Minimum Wage - Essay Example Based on research and statistics, it should be said that minimum wage rates, when increasing rather than remaining steady, have broad negative consequences to state and federal economies. THE EVIDENCE Some of the highest state-issued minimum wage rates are Vermont at $8.46, Washington at $9.04 and Oregon at $8.80 (Parrott, 1). The intention of these increases was to improve poverty rates and also stimulate more consumption in the economy. However, a very recent news article indicates that the unemployment rate in Oregon has increased to 8.9 percent in September, up almost a whole percentage point in August (Foden-Vencil, 1). In Washington state, the unemployment rate rose from 8.3 percent in June to 8.6 percent in September (PSBJ, 1). In Vermont, the unemployment rate rose from 4.7 percent to five percent in August (CT Post, 1). Why is this significant? The New England Public Policy Center indicates that rises in the minimum wage rate make it more inviting for business owners to cut employee benefits in an effort to offset higher payroll costs. A current study discovered statistically that when minimum wage rates increase by 20 percent, business-sponsored health care offerings to employees also decrease by four percent (NEPPC, 8). Because many business owners do not like to carry the stigma that is usually associated with social judgment for non-compliance to corporate social responsibility, they will often reduce hours of existing employees rather than slashing health care benefits (NEPPC, 8). All of these efforts are intended to prevent significant capital losses that occur when the minimum wage rates increases, especially important for small business owners without a strong cash or market position. Three of the states having the highest minimum wage rates also all have increases in the unemployment rate at the state level. According to the National Center for Public Policy Research, minimum wage hikes actually cause job losses in the long-term (NCPPR, 1). Th is is because it is usually the small business owner that offers jobs at a minimum wage, however small businesses make up the majority of businesses currently operating in the United States. At the same time, small business owners are experiencing inflationary increases in their supply chain, cost of health care provision, distribution and transportation for finished products, and utility costs. Therefore, significant spikes in minimum wage cannot be offset except through investment and hedging strategies, which is something that small business is not in a position to consider. Texas is one example of a state with a low minimum wage, in-line with the federal rate of $7.25. This state saw a very modest increase in unemployment from July to September, however, the unemployment rate was nearly 100 percent stable from 2010 through most of 2012 (ycharts.com, 1). Unlike other states with significant wage increases and sharp increasing spikes in unemployment, Texas seems to defy the direct relationship between wage increases and unemployment rises. The same is true for Ohio, which also maintains a rate of $7.25, and this particular state saw modest drops month after month in 2012, with a currently stable rate of 7.25 percent, down from over 10% in 2010. This implication in this case, when compared to higher rates, is quite obvious. At the federal level, minimum wage also has negative consequences when it is raised. It should however, to prevent bias from the analysis, recognize that higher wage increases provide

Harlem Renaissance And The Cotton Club Film Studies Essay

Harlem Renaissance And The Cotton Club Film Studies Essay Cotton Club as an example of Jazz scene during the Harlem Renaissance in the movie The Cotton Club by Francis Ford Coppola Even though the Harlem Renaissance ended almost 80 years ago and its timeline is almost the same as the prohibition, it still seems to have an incredible impact on American society and culture as such. What happened during those 13 years was a sort of revolution in every field of life in upper Manhattan. It would be almost impossible to name and enumerate every artist, musician, politician responsible for the Harlem Renaissance. What is the more important is the fact it was a moment in history when African American culture was able to express itself as separate from mainstream American culture of that time. Jazz became a powerful tool of defining Harlem identity; as Patrick Burke claims for African Americans interest in jazz was mixed with a desire to think and act differently. Harlem jazz musicians needed a place to practice and perform and the Cotton Club proved to play an important role in creating an atmosphere of artistic and intellectual growth during the jazz era, as depicted in the Cotton Club movie by Francis Ford Coppola. Francois Weil, the author of A History of New York, defines the Harlem Renaissance as the first African American movement in the modern history; the movement that influenced every aspect of cultural life, such as literature, music, art etc. Harlem in the 1920s was the place to be. It became what the Greenwich Village was in the downtown, mainly a place of cultural revival; an oasis to artist and intellectuals of all sorts. Harlems cultural revival at that time was called The New Negro Renaissance, a term that defined everything that was new, modern and exciting. The new movement was focused around black writers, like Zora Neale Hurston, Countee Cullen, Langston Hughes and jazz musicians, like Duke Ellington or Cab Calloway. In the 1920s, what was called Harlem stretched from 130th to 145th street, from Madison Avenue to Eighth Avenue. What became essential in Harlem Renaissance was the music; jazz, or rather ragtime as it should be called was one of the first examples of interaction between white and black music. Ragtime, as a genre was a combination of European and American influences. Its name comes from the ragged rhythm. Due to the prosperity of the 1920s, New York became the new capital of entertainment. Prohibition did not stop New Yorkers craze for nightlife, however, they had to search for fun somewhere else, in the speakeasies- illegal bars serving alcohol, mostly located in the basements. One of the most famous speakeasies was Onyx Club, which was a venue for both musicians and New Yorkers in search of fun and adventure. Patrick Burke, the author of Oasis of Swing, explains that what attracted both musicians and audience to that kind of places was the image of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ jazz as an authentic, immediate form of personal expression. Speakeasies were often located in private houses or in the basements of official clubs. There was a wide variety of speakeasies, ranging from the dà ©cor and the style to the clientele and the prices of alcohol. Most of them were located in the downtown. When the parties were over on Times Square after midnight, the night had just begun in Harlem. For those, who were craving for more adventurous nightlife, Harlem was the Promised Land; it was home for famous clubs like, just to mention some, The Cotton Club, Connies Inn and Small Paradise. The Cotton Club was the place where the greatest jazz musicians, like Duke Ellington, Louis Armstrong or Cab Calloway, performed. Interestingly enough, The Cotton Club, was a place for white customers only. African Americans were allowed on the stage as performers, dancers, musicians but not as guests of the club. As Watson claims, the Cotton Club was the largest, featured the most extravagant shows, charged the highest prices, and most strictly enforced the color line. Strangely enough, thanks to its policy, the club was seen as one of the best places for white New Yorkers to be immersed into black culture. The Cotton Club attracted white clientele in many ways, for example by serving fancy food, the prices were unreasonably high, the dancers were young and pretty; it all created the atmosphere of a place for elites. In the heart of Harlem, The Cotton Club was a venue run by white owners for white audience. The Cotton Club was quite an extraordinary place where not only did white and black clash, but also other groups, like high and low classes, mob bosses and artist. Furthermore, the club was attracting its clients by the creating the sense of forbidden adventure. On top of that, illegal alcohol was just another factor that created the clubs myth. The Cotton Club movie was directed by Francis Ford Coppola in 1984. Coppola, whos regarded as one of the most important American filmmakers, had been renowned for Apocalypse Now and The Godfather trilogy. Growing up in New York, although he was born in Detroit but his family moved to New York when he was a child, he actually made the city something more than just a background for the stories he depicted in his movies, the city itself became the vital part of his movies, almost like another main character, for example in the Godfather, where he depicted the life of Italian tenants living in New York City. The Cotton Club was produced by his own studio, Zoetrope Studio, which meant for Coppola even greater financial responsibility in case the movie did not become an instant success. Not only did it fail in commercial sense, but also it did not meet the audience and the movie critics expectations. The story is set in Harlem, New York City, primarily in 1928. The main character is white cornet player, Michael Dwyer called Dixie, starred by Richard Gere, who incidentally saves Dutch Schulz, starred by James Remar, life and since then Dixies life changes completely. This night is a turning point for Dixie; at the same club where he rescues Dutch, he meets Vera Cicero, starred by Diane Lane, a woman he completely falls in love with. In addition, Vera turns out to be Dutchs mistress. Unfortunately, Dixie has no idea that the person he rescued is a mob boss, and this very fact makes Dixie mingled into the underground world of gangsters, bootleggers and speakeasies. As the story develops, other characters appear on the screen, for example Williamss brothers, two black tap dancers and this is the very first moment when the story moves into The Cotton Club. From now on, the lives of black and white characters are connected via the club itself. What strikes viewers attention most is segregation at the Cotton Club. The black performers are allowed to use only the backdoor, leaving the front door to white audience only. This fact is easily understood when it turns out that the owner of the club is white man, Owney Madden, starred by Bob Hoskins, who claims to be a businessman rather than a mobster and whose main concern is how much he can earn by selling illegal liquor at the club. Dixie takes the screening test and gets engaged in the movie industry, which means moving to Hollywood and leaving New York and his beloved Vera. He takes his chance, seeing this as an opportunity to escape from his problems with Dutch. Out of a sudden, Dixie becomes a movie star. Meanwhile, the mob war in Harlem starts. To make things worse, the prices of stocks crash on Wall Street. The Great Depression does not seem to affect Vera Cicero, who left by Dixie, opens her own night club, Veras Club, for whites only on Broadway. Out of the sudden, Dixie comes back from Hollywood as a celebrity, finding his brother Vinnie guilty of killing innocent children in the street. The stock market crash in 1929 and the mob wars in 1930 are presented to build the dark and gloomy atmosphere of inevitable doom. In other words, the good careless days of jazz age are over and what is about to happen is like a harsh wake up after an all-night party. Talking about black characters in the movie, they are presented as a sort of background for white main characters. There is another love affair in the movie, between black tap dancer, Dalbert, called Sandman, Williams, starred by ,Gregory Hines, and a singer, Lila, starred by Lonette McKee, whose tragedy is that she comes from a mixed background, of a white mother and black father, which makes her black for whites and white for blacks. Lila is a star at the Cotton Club, dreaming about career on a Broadway. Thanks to Vera Cicero, her dreams come true, as Lila is white enough to perform at the Veras Club. The black jazz scene in the Cotton Club is depicted in two ways. First of all, there are historic names, such as Duke Ellington or Cab Calloway and fictional names, such as Williams Brothers. As far as historic names are concerned, the jazz scene in the Cotton Club can be divided into two phases: The Duke Ellingtons era, till 1930, and Cab Calloways era, since 1931. The times when Cab was the host at the Cotton Club mark the line of a different sort of entertainment; the show was more varied, there were more dancers, feathers, the pace was faster, because the audience was more varied. 1931 is important in the movie for two reasons; first because it is a date when the concerts are broadcast live from Cotton Club, second, it is a time when black audience is allowed into the club. As far as fictional characters are concerned, the major black characters are two brothers, Clay and Dalbert Williams, who want to succeed at the Cotton Club as tap dancers. When they finally make it there, they start competing with each other and this rivalry leads to a split between them. The conflict is not an endless one and Williams brothers realize that what made them went separate ways is meaningless, and what really matters is the fact they are flesh and blood. The scene when sing and tap together to the Crazy Rhythm is one of the best scenes in the entire movie. In addition, the second best scene in the whole movie is a violent scene of Dutchs murder is accompanied by Sandmans tap dance in the background. The evening show at the Cotton Club is depicted in the movie as a sort of a variety show. The stage in the shape of a horse hoof is located right in the center, surrounded by the customers tables. First, there female dancers enter the stage; young and attractive black girls chosen to attract mostly the male clientele. At the back of the stage there is a black jazz band accompanying the dancers. Secondly, there is a ballet performance or a singer solo accompanied by the orchestra. Next there is a tap dance, like Williams brothers, who dance synchronically to the rhythm of the music. The club is presented as a meeting spot for celebrities as well, for example when Dixie meets Gloria Swanson, the movie star. The show changes pace so that the audience can talk eat and enjoy it without paying attention all the time to what is happening on the stage. The genre of this movie is a crime story combined with love story. The crime story part is most evident when at the beginning and the end of the movie when the Dutchs opponents try to kill him and when Dixies brother, who became a gangster, incidentally shots kids on the street. The love story part is the dangerous, erotic and highly emotional relationship between Vera Cicero and Dixie Dwyer, the best example is the passionate tango scene where Vera slaps Dixie, who slaps her back. Their romance has to be a secret; otherwise they would get killed by Dutch. This tension leads to the inevitable conflict between Dutch and Dixie, which is the climax of the story, hence the secret about the love affair is revealed. The Cotton Club movies strength lies in meticulous preparation to recreate the atmosphere of jazz age; as a matter of fact, the interior design and art deco details are impressive and take the viewers back to the famous club in the late 1920s.However, the movie has some flaws. First of all, it is not a tribute to black Harlem artists who were responsible for a cultural revival of that time. As Johnson points out, the movie of that title should be focused on indomitability of segregated black artists who were able to lose themselves in ecstasies of escapist jazz songs and dance. Secondly, the movie proves to be a crime story rather than a musical. Thirdly, black artists are displayed as minor characters, whereas all the glory and attention go to the white protagonists, especially white jazz musician Dixie Dwyer and femme fatale Vera Cicero. The Cotton Club as an example of a nightclub was responsible for cultural revival in Harlem. Even though being responsible for segregation in Harlem, the club proved to be the place where many talented artists could perform and become famous overnight. It was the ultimate place where white audience could become familiar with Afro-American culture, for example by listening to Duke Ellingtons orchestra play jazz in the club. Furthermore, The Cotton Club was more than a jazz club; it was a scene for tap dancers, performers, singers, and other artists to show broader audience their work. In this way, The Cotton Club might be called the meeting place of white New Yorkers and African-American Harlem residents. The Great Depression brought about the end of phenomena called the Harlem Renaissance. The majority of clubs were closed; significant artists abandoned Harlem and moved to other states or headed for Europe. The great cultural revival was over. In addition, the end of Harlem Renaissance is marked with the end of prohibition. The nightlife lost its seductive glamour; the speakeasies ceased to be the meeting spots. Stock market crash had a bigger impact on Harlem than anyone would expect; everything seemed to be falling apart. The Cotton Club and Connies In were open during the great depression. What changed was the number of white clients increasing. The repeal of prohibition seemed to have more impact on Harlem nightlife than the depression itself.